Table 1 Total, viable, and cultivable microbiological characteristics of ILMAH surface samples
From: Microbial succession in an inflated lunar/Mars analog habitat during a 30-day human occupation
Sample location | Cultivable bacterial population (CFU/m2) | QPCR-based bacterial population (16S rRNA copies/m2) | ATP-based microbial population (relative luminescence unit/m2) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(A) Total bacterial burden (PMA-untreated) | (B) Viable bacterial burden (PMA-treated) | Percentage of viable bacterial population (B/A × 100) | (C) Total microbial burden (total ATP content) | (D) Viable microbial burden (intracellular ATP content) | Percentage of viable microbial population (D/C × 100) | ||
North Dakota ILMAH 30-day mission (before crew occupation) | |||||||
 Bedroom 1 | 1.26 × 106 | 1.44 × 106 | 3.69 × 105 | 25.68 | 3.93 × 106 | 7.65 × 106 | >100 |
 Bedroom 2 | 1.86 × 106 | 1.10 × 106 | 8.42 × 105 | 76.62 | 1.27 × 106 | 1.13 × 106 | 88.89 |
 Kitchen 3 | 4.63 × 106 | 5.83 × 105 | 6.23 × 105 | >100 | 9.80 × 105 | 4.43 × 105 | 45.16 |
 Kitchen 4 | 4.25 × 106 | 2.44 × 106 | 1.50 × 106 | 61.46 | 1.56 × 106 | 2.28 × 106 | >100 |
 Bathroom 5 | 1.41 × 106 | 9.41 × 106 | 1.70 × 106 | 18.02 | 9.29 × 105 | 3.36 × 105 | 36.19 |
 Laboratory 6 | 1.51 × 107 | 1.33 × 106 | 4.28 × 105 | 32.23 | 2.15 × 106 | 5.47 × 106 | >100 |
 Laboratory 7 | 2.08 × 107 | 6.43 × 103 | BDL | ND | 2.03 × 106 | 1.04 × 107 | >100 |
 Laboratory 8 | 8.10 × 105 | BDL | BDL | ND | 1.89 × 106 | 1.02 × 106 | 53.63 |
North Dakota ILMAH 30-day mission (Day 13) | |||||||
 Bedroom 1 | 3.80 × 103 | 1.23 × 106 | 6.49 × 104 | 5.28 | 7.82 × 105 | 3.36 × 105 | 43.04 |
 Bedroom 2 | 1.85 × 104 | 5.32 × 105 | 7.80 × 104 | 14.66 | 4.82 × 106 | 6.63 × 105 | 13.76 |
 Kitchen 3 | 2.60 × 104 | 8.88 × 105 | 1.36 × 105 | 15.28 | 6.96 × 106 | 8.75 × 105 | 12.58 |
 Kitchen 4 | 7.35 × 104 | 1.43 × 107 | 4.66 × 105 | 3.26 | 2.48 × 106 | 1.20 × 106 | 48.43 |
 Bathroom 5 | 1.05 × 104 | 7.95 × 105 | 3.44 × 104 | 4.33 | 3.50 × 106 | 7.02 × 105 | 20.07 |
 Laboratory 6 | 8.93 × 104 | 2.06 × 106 | 6.46 × 105 | 31.47 | 4.75 × 106 | 1.89 × 106 | 39.81 |
 Laboratory 7 | 1.19 × 105 | 4.16 × 106 | 3.68 × 105 | 8.85 | 4.60 × 106 | 9.76 × 105 | 21.22 |
 Laboratory 8 | 3.33 × 104 | 1.11 × 106 | 3.25 × 105 | 29.30 | 3.87 × 106 | 1.03 × 106 | 26.54 |
North Dakota ILMAH 30-day mission (Day 20) | |||||||
 Bedroom 1 | 2.05 × 104 | 6.93 × 105 | 8.52 × 104 | 12.31 | 6.04 × 106 | 1.31 × 106 | 21.65 |
 Bedroom 2 | 1.62 × 105 | 2.89 × 105 | 4.45 × 104 | 15.40 | 6.04 × 106 | 1.78 × 106 | 29.43 |
 Kitchen 3 | 4.63 × 104 | 4.38 × 106 | 3.79 × 105 | 8.66 | 5.05 × 106 | 1.94 × 106 | 38.48 |
 Kitchen 4 | 2.10 × 104 | 2.00 × 106 | 1.01 × 105 | 5.04 | 2.47 × 106 | 5.97 × 105 | 24.19 |
 Bathroom 5 | 1.90 × 104 | 2.84 × 105 | 1.75 × 105 | 61.86 | 4.05 × 106 | 1.75 × 106 | 43.15 |
 Laboratory 6 | 5.58 × 104 | 1.09 × 106 | 2.16 × 105 | 19.76 | 4.40 × 106 | 2.10 × 106 | 47.72 |
 Laboratory 7 | 1.47 × 104 | 3.71 × 105 | 1.74 × 104 | 4.70 | 2.65 × 106 | 1.01 × 106 | 38.05 |
 Laboratory 8 | 5.55 × 104 | 8.90 × 105 | 1.86 × 105 | 20.86 | 3.88 × 106 | 1.47 × 106 | 37.91 |
North Dakota ILMAH 30-day mission (Day 30) | |||||||
 Bedroom 1 | 1.12 × 105 | 3.81 × 106 | 1.60 × 105 | 4.19 | 1.61 × 106 | 4.14 × 105 | 25.77 |
 Bedroom 2 | 2.33 × 105 | 3.28 × 106 | 3.38 × 105 | 10.30 | 4.10 × 106 | 1.83 × 106 | 44.75 |
 Kitchen 3 | 3.24 × 104 | 3.98 × 106 | 1.94 × 105 | 4.88 | 2.42 × 106 | 9.63 × 105 | 39.85 |
 Kitchen 4 | 2.15 × 103 | 2.41 × 106 | 8.69 × 104 | 3.61 | 3.66 × 106 | 3.61 × 105 | 9.87 |
 Bathroom 5 | 1.03 × 105 | 3.29 × 106 | 1.44 × 105 | 4.38 | 2.17 × 106 | 6.15 × 105 | 28.37 |
 Laboratory 6 | 1.27 × 105 | 5.92 × 106 | 1.09 × 106 | 18.36 | 1.48 × 106 | 1.07 × 106 | 72.35 |
 Laboratory 7 | 6.30 × 104 | 6.89 × 106 | 7.78 × 105 | 11.30 | 2.96 × 106 | 1.25 × 106 | 42.19 |
 Laboratory 8 | 5.85 × 104 | 4.86 × 106 | 3.41 × 105 | 7.02 | 4.12 × 106 | 7.29 × 105 | 17.68 |