Fig. 1

Decreased diversity and shift of gut enterotypes in human adults with pHTN and HTN. a Rarefaction curves for gene number in control (n = 41), pHTN (n = 56), and HTN (n = 99) after 100 random sampling. The curve in each group is near smooth when the sequencing data are great enough with few new genes undetected. b, c Comparison of the microbial gene count and α diversity (as accessed by Shannon index) based on the genera profile in the three groups. C, control; P, pHTN; H, HTN. P = 0.024, C vs P; P = 0.04, C vs H; for gene count. P = 0.023, C vs P; P = 0.016, C vs H; for α diversity. P values are from Kruskal-Wallis test. d A total of 196 samples are clustered into enterotype 1 (blue) and enterotype 2 (red) by PCA of Jensen-Shannon divergence values at the genus level. The major contributor in the two enterotypes is Prevotella and Bacteroides, respectively. e Relative abundances of the top genera (Prevotella and Bacteroides) in each enterotype. P = 6.31e−31 and P = 2.09e−15, respectively; Wilcoxon rank sum test. f The percentage of control, pHTN and HTN samples distributed in two enterotypes. 26.83% normotensive controls, 48.21% pHTN, and 45.45% HTN are found in enterotype 1. P = 0.02, C vs P; P = 0.03, C vs H; Fisher’s exact test. Boxes represent the inter quartile ranges, the inside line or points represent the median, and circles are outliers