Table 1 Participant clinical and demographic characteristics

Sex, n (%)

0.378Chi

 Male

28 (38.4%)

28 (45.9%)

 Female

45 (61.6%)

33 (54.1%)

Ethnicity

0.159Chi

 Malay

23 (31.5%)

21 (34.4%)

 Chinese

45 (61.6%)

29 (47.5%)

 Indian

5 (6.8%)

10 (16.4%)

 Others

0

1 (1.6%)

Age at recruitment, years (IQR)

26 (22–29.5)

23 (21–24)

0.001MW

Age at diagnosis, years (IQR)

5 (2.25–9)

–

Diagnosis, n (%)

–

 ALL

73 (100%)

–

Duration of cancer therapy, years (IQR)

18.5 (14–23)

–

Cancer therapy history

–

 Anthracyclines, n (%)

53 (73.6%)

–

 Alkylating agents, n (%)

55 (76.4%)

–

 Anthracylines and alkylating agents, n (%)

52 (72.2%)

–

 Radiotherapy received, n (%)

36 (50%)

–

Cancer relapse, n (%)

2 (2.7%)

Second neoplasms, n (%)

3 (4.1%)

–

Diabetes mellitus or hypertension, n (%)

3 (4.1%)

0

BMI, kg/m² (IQR)

23.5 (20.7–27.5)

21.8 (20.3–25.2)

0.006T

Mode of birth (caesarean/vaginal), n/n

5/63

9/50

0.238Chi

^aAntibiotic intake, n (%)

7 (9.6%)

7 (11.5%)

0.789Chi