Covariates | All samples (n = 4945) | Univariate analysis p valuea | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Continuous variable | Mean ± SD | Frequency (%) of missing | Mean age of O. formigenes-positive/O. formigenes-negative | Logistic | Negative binomial |
 Age | 46.08 ± 17.28 | 246 (4.97) | 48.39:44.78 | <.001 | <.001 |
Categorical covariate | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) of missing | Frequency (%) of O. formigenes-positive | Logistic | Negative binomial |
 Sex | 4722 (95.49) | 223 (4.51) |  |  |  |
  Female | 2576 (52.09) |  | 897 (34.84) | Reference | |
  Male | 2146 (43.40) | 775 (36.11) | 0.791 | 0.224 | |
 Race | 4867 (98.42) | 78 (1.58) |  |  |  |
  Caucasian | 4369 (88.35) |  | 1602 (36.67) | Reference | |
  Asian/Pacific Islander | 232 (4.69) | 40 (17.24) | <.001 | <.001 | |
  Hispanic | 86 (1.74) | 28 (32.56) | 0.315 | 0.082 | |
  African American | 50 (1.01) | 9 (18.00) | 0.012 | 0.075 | |
  Other | 130 (2.63) | 41 (31.54) | 0.178 | 0.674 | |
 BMI | 4620 (93.43) | 325 (6.57) |  |  |  |
  Underweight | 453 (9.16) |  | 113 (24.94) | <.001 | <.001 |
  Normal | 2720 (55.01) | 1093 (40.18) | Reference | ||
  Overweight | 985 (19.92) | 347 (35.23) | 0.003 | <.001 | |
  Obese | 462 (9.34) | 114 (24.68) | <.001 | <.001 | |
 Frequency of alcohol consumption | 4855 (98.18) | 90 (1.82) |  |  |  |
  Never | 1146 (23.17) |  | 317 (27.66) | Reference | |
  Rarely (a few times a month) | 1228 (24.83) | 447 (36.40) | <.001 | 0.038 | |
  Occasionally (1–2 times/week) | 1076 (21.76) | 400 (37.17) | <.001 | 0.055 | |
  Regularly (3–5 times/week) | 888 (17.96) | 343 (38.63) | <.001 | 0.098 | |
  Daily | 517 (10.46) | 213 (41.20) | <.001 | 0.192 | |
 Last exposure to antibiotics | 4822 (97.51) | 123 (2.49) |  |  |  |
  >365 days | 3281 (66.35) |  | 1286 (39.20) | Reference | |
  <365 days | 717 (14.50) | 223 (31.10) | <.001 | 0.018 | |
  <180 days | 584 (11.81) | 136 (23.19) | <.001 | <.001 | |
  <30 days | 149 (3.01) | 44 (29.53) | 0.070 | 0.317 | |
  <7 days | 91 (1.84) | 23 (25.27) | 0.002 | 0.369 | |
 Presence of appendix | 4784 (96.74) | 161 (3.26) |  |  |  |
  No | 4297 (86.90) |  | 1537 (35.77) | Reference | |
  Yes | 487 (9.85) | 160 (32.85) | 0.170 | 0.347 | |
 Country | 4945 (100.00) | 0 (0) |  |  |  |
  USA | 3779 (76.42) |  | 1176 (31.12) | Reference | |
  UK–Ireland | 819 (16.56) | 411 (50.18) | <.001 | <.001 | |
  Europe Continental | 111 (2.24) | 52 (46.85) | 0.001 | 0.088 | |
  Australia and NZL | 137 (2.77) | 71 (51.82) | <.001 | 0.030 | |
  Canada | 73 (1.48) | 31 (42.47) | 0.099 | 0.442 | |
  Others | 26 (0.53) | 13 (50.00) | 0.099 | 0.656 | |
 Drinking water source | 4821 (97.49) | 124 (2.51) |  |  |  |
  City | 2283 (46.17) |  | 855 (37.45) | Reference | |
  Filtered | 1709 (34.56) | 587 (34.35) | 0.169 | 0.389 | |
  Bottled | 426 (8.61) | 126 (29.58) | 0.002 | 0.524 | |
  Well | 403 (8.15) | 136 (33.75) | 0.366 | 0.928 | |
 Level of education | 2791 (56.44) | 2154 (43.56) |  |  |  |
  ≤High school | 245 (4.95) |  | 72 (29.39) | 0.007 | 0.146 |
  College/bachelor’s | 1024 (20.71) | 405 (39.55) | Reference | ||
  Graduate school | 1522 (30.78) | 613 (40.28) | 0.418 | 0.514 | |
 Dog | 4834 (97.76) | 111 (2.24) |  |  |  |
  Absent | 3362 (67.99) |  | 1219 (36.26) | Reference | |
  Present | 1472 (29.77) | 489 (33.22) | 0.058 | 0.118 | |
 Born by C-section | 4626 (93.55) | 319 (6.45) |  |  |  |
  False | 4147 (83.86) |  | 1485 (35.81) | Reference | |
  True | 479 (9.69) |  | 152 (31.73) | 0.047 | 0.584 |
 Vegetable consumption frequency | 2876 (58.16) | 2069 (41.84) |  |  |  |
  <1 time/week | 127 (2.57) |  | 33 (25.98) | 0.017 | 0.034 |
  1–2 times/week | 288 (5.82) |  | 84 (29.17) | 0.024 | 0.046 |
  3–5 times/week | 1025 (20.73) |  | 381 (37.17) | Reference | |
  Daily | 1436 (29.04) |  | 616 (42.90) | 0.001 | 0.007 |
 Thyroid disease | 2853 (57.69) | 2092 (42.31) |  |  |  |
  No condition | 2490 (50.35) |  | 986(39.60) | Reference | |
  Diagnosed | 363 (7.34) |  | 120(33.06) | 0.001 | 0.070 |