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Table 3 Taxa related to alcohol drinking level in all study participants. The association between taxonomic abundance and alcohol drinking level was detected by DESeq function, adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, education, smoking status, and study

From: Drinking alcohol is associated with variation in the human oral microbiome in a large study of American adults

Taxon Class;Order;Family;Genus;Species

Mean counts†

Fold change (95% CI)

  

Non-drinkers

Moderate drinkers

Heavy drinkers

Moderate vs. non-drinkers

Heavy vs. non-drinkers

p trend‡

q trend§

Phylum Firmicutes

 Bacilli

5986.51

5578.79

5459.46

0.94 (0.89, 0.98)

0.92 (0.86, 0.98)

0.0055

0.050

 Bacilli;Lactobacillales

5687.89

5340.36

5111.72

0.94 (0.88, 1.00)

0.89 (0.82, 0.97)

0.0050

0.064

 Bacilli;Lactobacillaes;Streptococcaceae;Streptococcus_gid_304

37.39

181.57

58.55

2.13 (1.66, 2.74)

1.44 (1.03, 2.00)

< 0.001

0.015

 Bacilli;Lactobacillales;Carnobacteriaceae;Granulicatella;Adiacens_gid_296

133.08

110.70

105.93

0.84 (0.76, 0.93)

0.80 (0.70, 0.92)

< 0.001

0.057

 Bacilli;Lactobacillales;Carnobacteriaceae;Granulicatella;Elegans_gid_337

15.86

23.52

22.88

1.54 (1.16, 2.04)

1.74 (1.22, 2.48)

0.0013

0.057

 Clostridia;Clostridiales;Lachnospiraceae[14];Lachnoanaerobaculum_gid_046

16.1

16.45

25.01

1.05 (0.86, 1.28)

1.52 (1.16, 1.99)

0.0063

0.042

Phylum Bacteroidetes

 Bacteroides;Bacteroidales;Bacteroidales[F-2];Bacteroidales[G-2]||

3.31

7.05

6.94

1.74 (1.30, 2.33)

2.08 (1.43, 3.03)

< 0.0001

0.0027

 Bacteroides;Bacteroidales;Bacteroidales[F-2];Bacteroidales[G-2];taxon 274_gid_156

1.64

2.43

2.59

1.42 (1.09, 1.83)

1.56 (1.13, 2.17)

0.0043

0.094

 Bacteroides;Bacteroidales;Porphyromonadaceae;Tannerella_gid_164

2.28

3.00

3.61

1.28 (0.98, 1.67)

1.60 (1.13, 2.27)

0.0070

0.042

 Bacteroides;Bacteroidales;Prevotellaceae;Prevotella_gid_168

1.73

43.72

1.98

2.31 (1.64, 3.25)

1.91 (1.24, 2.94)

< 0.001

0.0099

 Flavobacterial;Flavobacteriales;Flavobacteriaceae;Bergeyella

3.62

4.62

5.29

1.29 (1.09, 1.54)

1.46 (1.15, 1.84)

< 0.001

0.014

Phylum Actinobacteria

 Actinobacteria;Actinomycetale;Actinomycetaceae;Actinomyces

103.79

123.63

131.63

1.15 (0.97, 1.37)

1.41 (1.11, 1.78)

0.0047

0.041

 Actinobacteria;Actinomycetale;Actinomycetaceae;Actinomyces;Graevenitzii_gid_484

37.25

47.59

55.77

1.17 (0.95, 1.45)

1.53 (1.16, 2.02)

0.0030

0.088

 Actinobacteria;Actinomycetales;Corynebacteriaceae;Corynebacterium¶

21.93

28.95

29.51

1.35 (1.12, 1.63)

1.36 (1.06, 1.76)

0.0064

0.042

Phylum Fusobacteria

 Fusobacteria;Fusobacteriales;Fusobacteriaceae;Fusobacterium_gid_114

184.52

369.96

229.27

1.48 (1.24, 1.78)

1.22 (0.95, 1.56)

0.018

0.090

 Fusobacteria;Fusobacteriales;Leptotrichiacefaae;Leptotrichia

70.25

94.78

157.05

1.24 (1.05, 1.48)

1.61 (1.27, 2.03)

< 0.0001

0.0027

 Fusobacteria;Fusobacteriales;Leptotrichiaceae;Leptotrichia_gid_126

7.97

10.31

12.10

1.30 (0.99, 1.72)

1.58 (1.10, 2.27)

0.010

0.055

Phylum Proteobacteria

 Grammaproteobacteria;Pasteurellales;Pasteurellaceae

138.73

194.42

191.54

1.36 (1.12, 1.66)

1.37 (1.07, 1.76)

0.0064

0.052

 Gammaproteobacteria;Pasteurellales;Pasteurellaceae;Aggregatibacter_gid_286

3.21

10.94

5.63

2.83 (1.93, 4.15)

1.81 (1.13, 2.89)

0.0024

0.027

 Betaproteobacteria;Neisseriales;Neisseriaceae;Eikenella

1.33

2.20

1.75

1.71 (1.33, 2.19)

1.39 (1.00, 1.93)

0.0099

0.055

 Betaproteobacteria;Neisseriales;Neisseriaceae;Kingella_gid_009

4.19

8.35

6.12

1.85 (1.38, 2.49)

1.55 (1.06, 2.27)

0.0057

0.042

 Betaproteobacteria;Neisseriales;Neisseriaceae;Neisseria_gid_382

1.90

5.20

5.55

2.42 (1.55, 3.75)

2.12 (1.27, 3.54)

0.0024

0.027

 Grammaproteobacteria;Cardiobacteriales;Cardiobacteriaceae;Cardiobacterium**

5.41

7.47

7.04

1.60 (1.27, 2.01)

1.41 (1.04, 1.92)

0.0047

0.041

  1. †Sequence read counts were normalized by dividing raw counts by DESeq size factors
  2. ‡Nominal p values from trend tests. In trend test, alcohol drinking was treated as a continuous variable by assigning the numbers 0, 1, and 2 to non-, moderate, and heavy drinkers, respectively. All taxa with an FDR-adjusted q < 0.10 are included in the table. See Additional file 1: Table S1 for mean counts and comparisons stratified by cohort
  3. §FDR-adjusted p value. FDR adjustment was conducted at each taxonomic level (i.e., class, genus) separately
  4. ||Association was significant up to family Bacteroidales[F-2], because this genus is the single constituent member of its family
  5. ¶Association was significant up to family Corynebacteriaceae, because this genus is the single constituent member of its family
  6. **Association was significant up to order Cardiobacteriales, because this genus is the single constituent member of its order
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