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Table 1 Detection of Methylocella using a functional gene-based PCR assay

From: Facultative methanotrophs are abundant at terrestrial natural gas seeps

Sampling location (country)

Coordinates

Sampling sub-site (nature of sample, pH)

Methane source

Methylocella-specific mmoX

Ellicott Creek 1, Amherst (New York, USA)

42.9687 N, 78.7475 W

Around main seep (water and sediments, 6.0)

Thermogenic natural gas

Yes2

Ellicott Creek 2, Amherst (New York, USA)

42.9687 N, 78.7475 W

Few meters away from main seep (water and sediments, 6.0)

Thermogenic natural gas

Yes2

Pipe Creek main seep, West Falls (New York, USA)

42.7042 N, 78.6812 W

A large seep with vigorous gas outflow (water, sediments and soil, 6.0)

Thermogenic natural gas

Yes2

Pipe Creek minor seep, West Falls (New York, USA)

42.7042 N, 78.6812 W

A small seep with less vigorous gas outflow (water and sediments, 6.0)

Thermogenic natural gas

Yes2

Eternal Flame Falls 1, Chestnut Ridge (New York, USA)

42.7014 N, 78.7511 W

Main falls (water and sediments, 6.0)

Thermogenic natural gas

Yes2

Eternal Flame Falls 2, Chestnut Ridge (New York, USA)

42.7014 N, 78.7511 W

Pool below the falls (filamentous material and water, 6.0)

Thermogenic natural gas

Yes

Gasport 1, Gasport (New York, USA)

43.1977 N, 78.5726 W

Around minor seeps in Gasport stream (water and sediments, 7.0)

Thermogenic natural gas

Yes2

Gasport 2, Gasport (New York, USA)

43.1977 N, 78.5726 W

Bed of Gasport stream not covered with water (sediments, 7.0)

Thermogenic natural gas

Yes

Eighteen Mile Creek, N Evans (New York, USA)

42.6963 N, 78.9365 W

Edge of the stream (water and sediments, 6.0)

Thermogenic natural gas

Yes2

Andreiasu Everlasting Fire 1 (Romania)

45.7507 N, 26.8330 E

Around gas seep (mud, 8.2)

Thermogenic natural gas1

Yes2

Andreiasu Everlasting Fire 2 (Romania)

45.7506 N, 26.8330 E

Few meters away from gas seep (dry soil, 8.2)

Thermogenic natural gas1

Yes

Beciu mud volcano 1 (Romania)

45.3853 N, 26.7163 E

Edge of mud volcanoes (mud, 6.4)

Thermogenic natural gas1

Yes2

Beciu mud volcano 2 (Romania)

45.3851 N, 26.7160 E

Crater of mud volcanoes (water, 7.2)

Thermogenic natural gas1

Yes

Paclele Mari mud volcano 1 (Romania)

45.3396 N, 26.7073 E

Edge of mud volcanoes (mud, 8.3)

Thermogenic natural gas1

Yes2

Paclele Mari mud volcano 2 (Romania)

45.3395 N, 26.7072 E

Edge of mud volcanoes (mud, 8.3)

Thermogenic natural gas1

Yes

Paclele Mici mud volcano 1 (Romania)

45.3582 N, 26.7124 E

Crater of mud volcanoes (mud, 8.6)

Thermogenic natural gas1

Yes2

Paclele Mici mud volcano 2 (Romania)

45.3582 N, 26.7123 E

Crater of mud volcanoes (mud, 8.1)

Thermogenic natural gas1

Yes

Lakenheath Fen Nature Reserve soil (Thetford, UK)

52.4483 N, 0.5288 E

(Peat soil and water, 6.2)

Biogenic methane

Yes2

Lakenheath Fen Nature Reserve sediments (Thetford, UK)

52.4483 N, 0.5288 E

(Sediments and water, 6.5)

Biogenic methane

Yes2

Moor House Nature Reserve 1 (Pennine Hills, UK)

52.4483 N, 0.5288 E

Eroded patches called gullies (peat soil and water, 4.0)

Biogenic methane

Yes2

Moor House Nature Reserve 2 (Pennine Hills, UK)

52.4483 N, 0.5288 E

Non-gullies peat soil (peat soil and water, 4.0)

Biogenic methane

Yes

Movile Cave microbial mat (Mangalia, Romania)

43.8256 N, 28.5605 E

Lake (microbial mat and water, 7.3)

Both biogenic and thermogenic

Yes2

Movile Cave sediments (Mangalia, Romania)

43.8256 N, 28.5605 E

Lake (sediment and water, 7.6)

Both biogenic and thermogenic

Yes

Movile Cave scrapings (Mangalia, Romania)

43.8256 N, 28.5605 E

Air bell walls (soft solid material from walls, 7.3)

Both biogenic and thermogenic

Yes2

Church Farm soil 1 (Bawburgh, UK)

52.6167 N, 1.1667 E

(Soil, 7.0)

Biogenic methane

No

Church Farm soil 2 (Bawburgh, UK)

52.6167 N, 1.1667 E

(Soil, 7.0)

Biogenic methane

No

Strumpshaw landfill (Norfolk, UK)

52.6027 N, 1.4791 E

Soil biofilter from a closed landfill (soil, 7.0)

Biogenic methane

Yes2

Stiffkey Fen and Salt Marshes 1 (Norfolk, UK)

52.9650 N, 0.9253 E

(Soil, 7.0)

Biogenic methane

No

Stiffkey Fen and Salt Marshes 2 (Norfolk, UK)

52.9650 N, 0.9253 E

(Soil, 7.0)

Biogenic methane

No

Warham Salt Marsh (Norfolk, UK)

52.9617 N, 0.89667 E

Sulphur enriched salt marsh (wet soil, 7.2)

Biogenic methane

No

Warham Salt Marsh (Norfolk, UK)

52.9617 N, 0.89667 E

Iron-enriched salt marsh (wet soil, 6.8)

Biogenic methane

No

  1. 1These sites have been reported to have largely thermogenic natural gas emissions [5, 6] but with potential for biogenic methane [50]
  2. 2Methylocella-specific mmoX verified by the construction of clone libraries from PCR products and sequencing of cloned mmoX fragments