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Fig. 2 | Microbiome

Fig. 2

From: Influence of cigarette smoking on the human duodenal mucosa-associated microbiota

Fig. 2

Bacterial diversity within the mucosa-associated microbiota from duodenal (2nd part) biopsies. Patients were grouped based on smoking status (current smokers, previous smokers, and having never smoked). The a, c, and e Chao1 index and b, d, and f Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (PD) index of diversity within samples was then calculated for a, b all patients, c, d FD/ID and e, f CD patients. Mean and standard deviation are shown. ns—not significant, # p = 0.05, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 Kruskal-Wallis. CD—Crohn’s disease; FD—functional dyspepsia; ID—iron deficiency

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