The hologenome concept of evolution after 10 years

Microbiome

Table 2 Examples of modes of symbiont transmission

Mode of transmission	Examples
Vegetative reproduction (vertical)	Plants, worms [99], corals [202], echinoderms [203]
Via oocytes (vertical)	Drosophila/Wolbachia [98], aphid/Buchnera [97], sponge [204], herbs/fungi [205]
Coprophagy (vertical and horizontal)	Many animals: termites [101], rabbits [206], koala [100], insects [102]
Mother’s milk (vertical)	Mammals [108,109,110]
Physical contact starting at birth (Vertical and horizontal)	Most animals: fish [207], amphibians [208], mammals [209]
Horizontal	Grasses/endophytes [120], squid/Vibrio fischeri [119]

Adapted from Roughgarden et al. [182]. Vertical transmission is defined as the movement of microbiota from parent to offspring without mixing with microbes in the environment

ISSN: 2049-2618