Fig. 1

Prebiotic GOS and antibiotics decrease microbiome diversity in the gut. (a). Experimental design outlining time points T1 (post-standardization), T2 (post-specialized diet), T3 (post-antibiotics in water), T4 (post-clindamycin IP injection), and T5 (pre-sacrifice) (N = 48) (b). Impact of the different treatments on phylogenetic diversity. GOS reduced diversity in both old and young animals. Alpha diversity declined with GOS consumption (T2) and antibiotic administration (T3, in young mice) and remained consistent through T5. c Relative abundance of saccharolytic, non-saccharolytic, and bacteria of undetermined metabolism over time. Line colors are as in Fig. 1b