Fig. 4

Coexistence patterns of baseline microbes. a Co-occurrence networks of microbial community at genus level (average relative abundance > 0.01%) for phreatic water samples. Each node represents one genus, and each edge represents a strong and significant correlation between two genera (Spearman’s |r| > 0.6 with FDR-adjusted P < 0.001). The size of each node is proportional to the degree, and the phyla of nodes are labelled in distinct colors. Black and red edges indicate positive and negative relationships. b Comparisons of relative abundance and node-level topological features (degree, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality) between Proteobacteria and Patescibacteria. *0.01 < P < 0.05, **0.001 < P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001