Fig. 5

Devosia sp. ZB163 is isolated from fungal hyphae but thrives on the root and promotes plant growth. A Relative abundance of the selected ASVs in the root, hyphal, and soil samples in Experiment I. Sample types were indicated by color. Each selected ASVs ID was labeled together with a selected corresponding bacterial isolate with matching sequence. The significance levels, as determined by Indicspecies, for the ASVs exhibiting positive correlations with hyphal (ASV aaa0, A066,0,7a7, 63b4 and 86c0) root (e5d2), or soil (c1d8 and 254f) samples are denoted by asterisks (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). B Shoot dry weight of 9-week-old Prunella plants (C) AM fungi colonization percentage comparison between bacterial treatments. Significant differences of (B) and (C) are indicated with letters (ANOVA and Tukey’s Honest HSD test)