Fig. 7

Devosia sp. ZB163 and AM fungi can synergistically promote plant growth and plant N and P accumulation. Boxplots show A shoot dry weight, B root dry weight, C percentage of each root system colonized by AM fungi, D shoot N accumulation, or E shoot P accumulation of 8-week-old Prunella plants cultivated in autoclaved soil (Control) or inoculated with Devosia sp. ZB163 (Devosia), R. irregularis (AM), or both symbionts. Plants were regularly watered with modified Hoagland solution deficient in a source of N and P. Significance differences are indicated with letters (ANOVA and Tukey’s Honest HSD test). F Photographs of the Prunella plants immediately before harvest. Two AM-treated plants died shortly after transplantation and were not considered in panels (A–E)