Fig. 3

Co-evolution analysis of the broad-range VCs with the animal hosts. A Overall statistics of the co-evolution analysis. Here the density and bar plots show the likelihood (p values) distributions of the phages in the 80 broad-range VCs were co-evolved (red line and bars) or not co-evolved (orange line and bars). One-tailed Wilcoxon rank sum tests were performed on the branch lengths from the same animal hosts and different animal hosts (“Methods” section). The pie chart shows the proportion of coevolved and non-coevolved viral clusters (VCs) with three or more animal hosts. B–F Example phylogenetic trees of VCs with their animal hosts in which the phages showed significant not co-evolution (B) or co-evolution (C–F)