Fig. 4

a Differences in the alpha diversity indices of gut bacterial and viral communities among laying hens with and without dietary MF. b PCoA and adonis test based on the Bray–Curtis distance of gut bacterial and viral communities among laying hens with and without dietary MF. c The difference in the Bray–Curtis distance of gut bacterial and viral communities among laying hens with and without dietary MF. d Variations in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the caecum digesta of laying hens with and without dietary MF. e Variations in the relative abundance of Ligamenvirales and Ortervirales in the caecum digesta of laying hens with and without dietary MF. Different lowercase letters in each box of the same subfigure represent significant differences among laying hens in different groups (Tukey’s HSD test, p < 0.05)